Evidence and Proof
Articles across the publication that deal with evidence and proof.
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Immigration Law
Proving a Bona Fide Marriage: Building the Joint Evidence File Over Time
Marriage evidence persuades through accumulation. A file assembled steadily across years answers questions that a folder built the week before an interview cannot.
7 min readGuide -
Courts & Civil Litigation
Responding to a Civil Subpoena for Documents or Testimony
A subpoena is a court command, not a request — but it has real limits. Here is how to read one, how to object in time, and when a court will narrow or cancel it.
7 min readGuide -
Courts & Civil Litigation
Evidence in Civil Cases: Authentication, Hearsay, and Exhibits
A document only becomes evidence when a court admits it. Authentication, hearsay, and the mechanics of offering an exhibit are what stand between a file and the jury.
6 min readExplainer -
Business & Compliance
Franchise Disclosure Documents: What Item 19 Does and Does Not Promise
Item 19 is the only place a franchisor may make financial performance claims — and it is voluntary, which makes a blank Item 19 one of the most informative pages in the document.
7 min readExplainer -
Technology, Privacy & Media
Online Reviews and Defamation: Opinion, Fact, Evidence, and Platform Issues
Harsh reviews are usually protected opinion. The line is verifiability, and it decides most disputes long before anyone argues about damages or reputation.
7 min readExplainer
